Cosmic Ray-Induced

Cosmic Ray Ionization

Cosmic rays can ionize molecules in the ISM, leading to the formation of ions that can then participate in further reactions.

• Example:

\[ \text{H}_2 + \text{CR} \rightarrow \text{H}_2^+ + e^- \]

Secondary Photodissociation

Cosmic rays can excite hydrogen molecules, which then emit UV photons that can dissociate other molecules nearby.

• Example:

\[ \text{CO} + h\nu_{sec} \rightarrow \text{C} + \text{O} \]

where \(h\nu_{sec}\) is a secondary photon produced by cosmic ray excitation