in Space#
Intro catchy phrase
In the vastness of space, where darkness abounds,
And the stars shine bright with no earthly sounds,
Thereās a beauty, found in the depths of the void,
Where water ice crystals are ubiquitously deployed.
Far from the warmth of the sunās bright rays,
In the cold, dark regions, the ice crystals play,
A pristine beauty, frozen and still,
A sight thatās majestic, serene, and chill.
In the far-off planets, beyond our own,
Where ice is abundant, and lifeās unknown,
Water ice covers the surfaces with grace,
And shines like diamonds in the depths of space.
From the rings of Saturn to Plutoās frozen plains,
The beauty of water ice forever reigns,
A marvel of nature, pure and bright,
A breathtaking sight thatās out of sight.
So let us gaze upon the cosmic skies,
And marvel at the beauty that meets our eyes,
Water ice in space, a sight to behold,
A wondrous sight that never grows old.
ā Vince (& ChatGPT)
Note
Change image!
Plan
Ice doesnāt form in space like on Earth. Actually the type of ice we will speak about doesnāt naturally occur at the Earth surface.
Plan
- Interstellar dust
- Formation
- Evolution
- Processing
- Observation
- Where ?
- Protoplanetary disks
- Solar System
- ISM
- In the laboratory
Key Litterature:
- 1
- 2
Links
- 1
- 2
- radmc-3d - Radiative transfer model
- []
Molecules in space#
Linking Observations and experiments#
- Omnifit:
- Documentation Link
- Github repo
- Zenodo Repo
- []
Water is the most abundant solid-state molecule in space [],
- insert list of molecules detected
- Different space environments (scope is within the galaxy)
- Circumstellar shells
- ISM
- Diffuse ISM
- Molecular clouds
- Protoplanetary Disk
- Comets
- Planets and solar system icy bodies
Some molecules have been detected in comets but not in the ISM.
- Insert table of space conditions in the ISM environments
Most of them have been detected into the gas phase (from radio astronomy: ALMA) but How do they form
- At the surface of micrometer dust
Interstellar Dust#
» Formation
Grain:
Star Death
Ice
Atomic Deposition
Insert video about dust forming
» Evolution
Insert diagram
The Dust cycle in the galaxy
Is it a layerd system or is the ice and dust mixed ?
- []
Grain growth
Check P.M. Bellan group papers (Caltech)
- Mechanism for the Efficient Homogeneous Nucleation of Ice in a Weakly Ionized, Ultracold Plasma
- Identification of Accretion as Grain Growth Mechanism in Astrophysically Relevant WaterāIce Dusty Plasma Experiment
» Processing
Observation#
» Infrared telescope
Spatial telescopes to avoid atmosphere absorbtion. Target the 3Āµm ice band .
» How does it work ?
Molecular Absorption Spectrum
Blabla
In the lab
In space
IR Signatures:
- H20
- NH3
- SiO2
Water as a tracer of Interstellar processes#
Molecular synthesis#
» In space
We stated on the previous chapter (link) that ASW doesnāt occure naturally on earth but can we find it in space ? Yes, here is where
Molecular Clouds
Protoplanetary Disks
Temperature gradient (mxture). Evolution with time (energetic events - Star Outburst ā¦)
Snow line
» Solar Systems
- ASW or crystaline ice on Ganymede []
» ISM
In the laboratory#
Yes, we can produce little volume of space in my lab. Using a high vaccum chamber ā¦
- link to method