in Space
Contents
in Space#
Ice doesn’t form in space like on Earth. Actually the type of ice we will speak about doesn’t naturally occur at the Earth surface.
Plan
Interstellar dust
Formation
Evolution
Processing
Observation
Where ?
Protoplanetary disks
Solar System
ISM
In the laboratory
Key Litterature:
1
2
Links
1
2
radmc-3d - Radiative transfer model
Molecules in space#
Water is the most abundant solid-state molecule in space [],
insert list of molecules detected
Different space environments (scope is within the galaxy)
Circumstellar shells
ISM
Diffuse ISM
Molecular clouds
Protoplanetary Disk
Comets
Planets and solar system icy bodies
Some molecules have been detected in comets but not in the ISM.
Insert table of space conditions in the ISM environments
Most of them have been detected into the gas phase (from radio astronomy: ALMA) but How do they form
At the surface of micrometer dust
Interstellar Dust#
» Formation
Grain:
Star Death
Ice
Atomic Deposition
Insert video about dust forming
» Evolution
Insert diagram
The Dust cycle in the galaxy
Is it a layerd system or is the ice and dust mixed ?
Grain growth
Check P.M. Bellan group papers (Caltech)
» Processing
Ice form around interstellar dust grains that are less than 1 µm in size like shown in figure X. Let’s pause for a second and have a closer look at those because despite their size, they play a gigantic role in the story of the universe.
Observation#
» Infrared telescope
Spatial telescopes to avoid atmosphere absorbtion. Target the 3µm ice band .
IRAS
Description
ISO
Description
Akari
Description
Spitzer
Hershel
Description
» How does it work ?
Molecular Absorption Spectrum
Blabla
IR Signatures:
H20
NH3
SiO2
JWST#
» The 3µm Ice band
More Spectrum (Amorphous Crystaline)
Water as a tracer of Interstellar processes#
Molecular synthesis#
» In space
We stated on the previous chapter (link) that ASW doesn’t occure naturally on earth but can we find it in space ? Yes, here is where
Molecular Clouds
Protoplanetary Disks
Temperature gradient (mxture). Evolution with time (energetic events - Star Outburst …)
Snow line
» Solar Systems
ASW or crystaline ice on Ganymede [Hansen and McCord, 2004]
» ISM
In the laboratory#
Yes, we can produce little volume of space in my lab. Using a high vaccum chamber …
link to method
The ice today#
Link between Astro and Cosmo Chemistry#
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Accessible article about the technique: link